Endocrine Abstracts

Objective: Sex steroids play an important role in the maintenance of bone health. However, there is limited information on the association between sex hormones and age-related bone loss in men. Our objective was to study the relationship between sex steroid levels and the changes accompanying aging process, including bone mineral density (BMD), muscle strength and body composition in elderly Egyptian men.Methods: Free testosterone (FT), estradiol (E...

Distribution of K+ contrasts with Na+: Na+ is predominantly extracellular (EC) and K+ is intracellular (IC ~98% = ~3,500 mmoles). High IC K+ is needed for regulation of cell volume, pH, enzyme function, DNA/protein synthesis, and growth. Low EC K+ (plasma K+; PK), and the associated steep transmembrane K+ gradient, is largely responsible for the membrane potential difference (p.d.) of excitable and non-excitable cells; any change in the gradient (doubling or halving PK) will d...

Grave’s disease is an autoimmune mediated thyrotoxicosis which accounts for 50–80% of cases of hyperthyroidism. In addition to non-thyroid organ involvement, presence of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAb) or increased uptake on a nuclear scan are diagnostic. Ultrasound typically shows a diffuse enlargement of the thyroid with increased vascularity, but up to 23% of patients are known to have thyroid nodules. Thyroid nodules carry a 4–6% risk ...

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is an endocrine disorder secondary to a deficiency of pulsatile gonadatrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. It is not related to hypothalamus-pituitary organic lesions, endocrine or systemic disease. The clinical profile is dependant on the degree of GnRH suppression – it can range from an inadequate luteal phase to hypothalamic amenorrhoea. The incidence of FHA ranges from 15% to 48% of the secondary amenorrheas. We present...

Introduction: Recently published research works have concluded that Covid-19 infection will result in endothelial dysfunction or worsen it, especially when associated with comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus. Arterial Stiffness is a manifestation of endothelial dysfunction and it can be used as a prediction parameter as well as a target for therapies aimed at ameliorating endothelial cell dysfunction.Aims and Objectives: To compare arterial stiffness...

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) consists of a constellation of metabolic abnormalities which include central obesity, hyperglycemia plus insulin resistance, high triglycerides plus low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and hypertension. A developing collection of proof proposes that metabolic condition is related to endocrine problems including thyroid brokenness. Thyroid brokenness in metabolic condition patients might additionally add to cardiovascular illne...

65 yr female presented with headaches, heat intolerance and loose stools. She had cerebrovascular accident, osteoporosis and vitiligo. A 24 hr ECG revealed atrial flutter with heart rate upto 117 beats /minute. Her medications include warfarin and bisoprolol.A Thyroid function test (TFT) revealed Free T4 (Ft4): 32 pmol/L (9-19) Free T3: 7.97 pmol/L (3.6–6.5), TSH: 5.7 mU/L (0.35–4.94). Other anterior pituitary function tests were ...

65 yr female presented with headaches, heat intolerance and loose stools. She had cerebrovascular accident, osteoporosis and vitiligo. A 24 hr ECG revealed atrial flutter with heart rate upto 117 beats /minute. Her medications include warfarin and bisoprolol.A Thyroid function test (TFT) revealed Free T4 (Ft4): 32 pmol/L (9-19) Free T3: 7.97 pmol/L (3.6–6.5), TSH: 5.7 mU/L (0.35–4.94). Other anterior pituitary function tests were ...

Introduction: There is always been a need for safe and effective adjuvant therapy in type 1 Diabetes not just for glycemic control but also for cardio-renal benefits.Objectives: To evaluate whether addition of DPP-4 inhibitors reduces the ketogenic potential of SGLT2i when used as an adjuvant therapy in type 1 Diabetes.Materials & Methods: 20 type 1 Diabetes subjects above 18 years of age with poorly controlled glycemia (HbA1c ...

Case history: We present a rare case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) of pituitary stalk and hypothalamus in a 40 year old lady. She presented with 9 weeks history of a sudden onset of polyuria and polydipsia. She had extreme thirst even during night which led to significant nocturia and tiredness. She denied headache, blurring of vision, galactorrhoea or menstrual irregularity. She had no significant past medical history and was not on any medications. Physical examinat...